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41.
The objective of this study was to determine the relationship between PM_(10) and PM_(2.5) levels as related to meteorological conditions and traffic flow using both a linear regression analysis and a path analysis. The Particulate matter(PM) samples were collected from Sukhumvit road, Bangkok, Thailand, at both open(104 samples) and covered(92 samples)areas along the road. Fifteen percent of all samples were separated before the statistical models were run and used for model validation. The results from the path analysis were more elaborate than those from the linear regression, thus indicating that meteorological conditions had a direct effect on the particulate levels and that the effects of traffic flow were more variable in open areas. The model also indicated that meteorological conditions had an indirect effect and that traffic flow had a direct effect on particulate levels in covered areas. The model validation results indicated that for open areas, the R~2 values were not very different between the path analysis and the linear regression model, but that the path analysis was more accurate than the linear regression model at very low PM concentrations. At high PM concentrations, the path analysis model also had a better fit than did the linear regression, so the predictions from the path analysis model were more accurate than those from the linear regression. 相似文献
42.
典型铅锌矿化区不同土地利用类型土壤重金属污染特征与评价 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1
选取云南者海典型铅锌矿区周边冶炼区(A)、粮食主产区(B)、保护区(C)三个区域土壤为研究对象,分析三个区域内林地(LD)和耕地(GD)土壤pH、总碳(TC)、总氮(TN)、总磷(TP)和5种重金属(Hg、Cd、Pb、Zn、Cu)含量,利用典范对应分析(CCA)研究不同土地利用类型下它们之间的关系,基于系统熵值与重金属生物毒性改进灰色聚类评价法对研究区重金属污染程度进行评价。结果表明,A、B、C三区土壤的5种重金属均超过云南省土壤背景值,且含量A区 > B区 > C区,所有土壤样品Hg、Cd、Pb、Zn、Cu平均含量分别为7.24、1.53、1 794、2 892、210 mg/kg;LD土壤重金属含量普遍高于GD。研究区土壤pH总体呈弱酸性,但A区土壤受矿业活动影响呈弱碱性。TC、TN含量和C/N值均表现出LD大于GD,但TP含量表现为GD显著大于LD (P<0.05)。CCA分析表明LD和GD土壤pH与Cd和Cu呈负相关,与Zn和Pb呈正相关,且pH对重金属含量的影响最大;TC、TP与重金属Cd和Cu在LD土壤中呈正相关,在GD土壤中呈负相关。改进灰色聚类评价结果表明重金属污染程度均表现为LD大于GD;A区污染最严重且均呈重度污染,B区次之,C区污染程度最轻。经比较本文改进的灰色聚类评价法在准确性和灵敏度方面优于传统方法。 相似文献
43.
采用聚氨酯泡沫-被动采样法(PUF-PAS)采集鸭儿湖地区大气样,研究典型污染源地区大气中有机氯农药(OCPs)组成、来源及土-气交换现状。鸭儿湖地区大气中OCPs主要组成为艾氏剂(Aldrin)、滴滴涕(DDTs)、六六六(HCHs)、六氯苯(HCB)、甲氧滴滴涕(Methoxychlor)和a-硫丹(α-Endosulfan),约占OCPs总量的84%。较高浓度Aldrin(平均浓度为161.25 pg/m3)广泛存在应引起高度重视。HCHs(平均浓度为89.64 pg/m3)和DDTs(平均浓度为92.29 pg/m3)普遍存在且含量高,污染程度比较明显。HCHs异构体中β-HCH高于α-HCH,远远高于γ-HCH和δ-HCH,说明HCHs经过长期降解已逐渐稳定下来;来源分析推测存在工业HCHs的使用或者受大气长距离传输影响。DDTs在各点位分布明显不同于HCHs,且各点位DDTs的六种组成均存在很大差别,可能由于点位地理位置以及农药使用情况导致;来源分析推测大气中DDTs主要来自历史残留。鸭儿湖地区OCPs土气交换研究表明,HCHs主要表现为从大气向土壤中沉降;DDTs在大多数点位源于土壤中历史残留的挥发,部分点位受到大气长距离传输影响。 相似文献
44.
选择采样期不同降雨天数的碱片,测定余边的硫酸盐化速率含量,其结果为:采样期全月无雨时,余边上的硫酸盐均未检出;半月以上至全月有雨时检出率为100%,检出量占样品量的2.70~15.95%。经扩散试验,查清了余边上的硫酸盐主要是有效面积上采集的样品的扩散,并提出了相应的修正方法。 相似文献
45.
46.
Assessing protected area effectiveness using surrounding (buffer) areas environmentally similar to the target area 总被引:7,自引:0,他引:7
Mas JF 《Environmental monitoring and assessment》2005,105(1-3):69-80
Many studies are based on the assumption that an area and its surrounding (buffer) area present similar environmental conditions and can be compared. For example, in order to assess the effectiveness of a protected area, the land use/cover changes are compared inside the park with its surroundings. However, the heterogeneity in spatial variables can bias this assessment: we have shown that most of the protected areas in Mexico present significant environmental differences between their interior and their surroundings. Therefore, a comparison that aims at assessing the effectiveness of conservation strategies, must be cautioned. In this paper, a simple method which allows the generation of a buffer area that presents similar conditions with respect to a set of environmental variables is presented. The method was used in order to assess the effectiveness of the Calakmul Biosphere Reserve, a protected area located in the south-eastern part of Mexico. The annual rate of deforestation inside the protected area, the standard buffer area (based upon distance from the protected area only) and the similar buffer area (taking into account distance along with some environmental variables) were 0.3, 1.3 and 0.6%, respectively. These results showed that the protected area was effective in preventing land clearing, but that the comparison with the standard buffer area gave an over-optimistic vision of its effectiveness. 相似文献
47.
The province of Huelva in the SW of Spain presents high environmental contrasts: together with the great abundance of natural spaces, it shows the impacts of historical natural resources exploitation processes. In the Ria of Huelva, the effluents of the chemical industries must be added to the contaminating inputs of the Tinto and Odiel rivers, coming from the acid drainage of the mines located in the Iberian Pyrite Belt. This forced the Environmental Agency (AMA) to elaborate in 1987 an Effluent Remediation Plan in order to negate unacceptable environmental impacts. The application of a grey box systemic analysis to the AMD pollution, undergone by the Tinto and Odiel rivers has allowed to set a conclusive explanation of the sampling results observed for a period of 11 years, thus making available an overall view of the polluting process and, above all, an explanation of its partial aspects. 相似文献
48.
49.
利用分级提取法分析了玄武湖的沉积磷形态,在玄武湖沉积物中,铝结合态磷的含量较低,平均值为64 mg/kg,其余形态磷中,铁结合态磷为241 mg/kg,有机磷为335 mg/kg,钙结合态磷为394 mg/kg.在环境变化的条件下,铁结合态磷可以释放到间隙水和上层水体中,是湖泊产生富营养化的重要因素;铝结合态磷由于含量少,对湖泊富营养化影响很小;钙结合态磷相对稳定且很难被生物利用,对湖泊富营养化影响不大;有机磷对水体有机负荷影响较大,并影响水体富营养化程度. 相似文献
50.
Georgios D. Gikas Trisevgeni Yiannakopoulou Vassilios A. Tsihrintzis 《Environmental Modeling and Assessment》2006,11(3):219-233
SWAT ver. 2000 was used to predict hydrographs, and sediment, nitrate and total phosphorus loadings from a 1349 km2 mountainous/agricultural watershed in Northern Greece. The model was calibrated and verified using continuous meteorological
data from eight stations within the drainage area, and runoff, sediment and nutrient concentrations measured at nine stations
located within the main tributaries of the watershed, for the time period from May 1st, 1998 to January 31st, 2000. Model
validation methodology and resulting input parameters appropriate for Mediterranean drainage basins are presented. Predicted
by the model hydrographs, sedimentographs and pollutographs are plotted against observed values and show good agreement. Model
performance is evaluated using the root mean square error computation and scattergrams of predicted versus observed data.
The validated model is also used to test the effectiveness of three alternative cropping scenarios in reducing nutrient loadings
from the agricultural part of the watershed. The study showed that this model, if properly validated, can be used effectively
in testing management scenarios in Mediterranean drainage basins. 相似文献